HTML is the standard markup language used to create the structure and content of web pages. It uses tags to define elements like headings, paragraphs, images, links, and more. HTML is the foundation of all web development. Whether you're working with simple websites or advanced frameworks like React, Angular, or Vue, everything starts with HTML. These frameworks build on top of HTML to create dynamic and interactive web applications — but HTML provides the basic building blocks.

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a fundamental technology in web development used to control the appearance and layout of HTML content. It allows developers to apply styles such as colors, fonts, spacing, and positioning to web elements, enhancing both visual appeal and user experience. By separating content (HTML) from design (CSS), it promotes cleaner code, easier maintenance, and better scalability. CSS follows a simple syntax of selectors and declarations, where selectors target HTML elements and declarations define the styling rules. This separation of structure and style enables consistent, responsive, and customizable designs across multiple web pages.

JavaScript is a powerful scripting language used to make web pages interactive and dynamic. It runs in the browser and allows real-time changes without reloading the page. Commonly used with HTML and CSS, JavaScript enhances user experience by enabling features like animations, form validation, and interactive content. It is supported by all major browsers and plays a key role in both frontend and backend development. With its flexibility and wide range of applications, JavaScript is essential for creating modern, responsive websites.

When creating a website, you usually want it to look good, be well-organized, and work smoothly on all screen sizes — from mobile phones to large desktops. To do that with plain CSS, you often need to write a lot of custom code for things like colors, fonts, spacing, buttons, forms, and responsive layouts. This process can be time-consuming and repetitive, especially for beginners or when building large projects. That’s where Bootstrap comes in. Bootstrap is a popular front-end framework that provides a large collection of pre-written CSS and JavaScript code. It includes ready-to-use components like buttons, forms, navigation bars, modals, cards, and more — all of which are designed to look professional and work well on any screen size. It also includes a powerful grid system that makes it easy to create responsive layouts that automatically adjust based on the device. Instead of writing styles for each element from scratch, you can simply use Bootstrap’s built-in class names in your HTML, which saves time and gives your website a clean, consistent look. Plus, since Bootstrap is widely used and well-documented, it’s easy to learn and troubleshoot.